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Snow Texture - part 1
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Crystalline structure of fresh snow.—There are many forms of snow crystals (see fig. 6), all of which are hexagonal, consisting of plates, prisms, star-shaped designs, or a combination of these forms. In general simple
 
Fig. 6. Typical forms of new snow crystals.
crystals are formed when the temperature is low. The range of size is, roughly, from 1-4 mm. in diameter. A snowflake frequently consists of a cluster of interlaced snow crystals. Snow crystals of the simple plate form accumulate loosely compared to the branched type of crystal. The points of the branched crystals interlace and cohere within a mass of new-fallen snow. An avalanche is, therefore, less likely to occur immediately after a snowfall made up of branched crystals. Snow made up of the simpler type of crystals will flow more readily.
Consolidation of crystals.—As soon as snow has fallen a transformation begins. If the temperature is above freezing, the branches of the crystals begin to melt, destroying the interlocking bond. Even if the temperature is below freezing, these branches will still, although more slowly, disappear because the vapor pressure of the ice particles, and consequently evaporation, is greatest at the points. This evaporation will take place even though
the humidity is such that no net evaporation results, since the difference in vapor pressure will cause ice to evaporate from the points and attach itself to flatter portions of the crystals. The result is a gradual transformation from branched or thin-edged snow crystals to larger hexagonal crystals. The smaller crystals in turn tend to consolidate with larger crystals. By this basic process new-fallen snow is converted gradually to the "spring snow," which every skier knows (fig. 7). The rate and
manner of change will depend on the weather, but the process is always going on, and accounts for variations in the internal cohesion of the snow. Cohesion is at first reduced by the loss of the interlocking crystal branches, but as the process continues, the large crystals which are finally formed pack more closely, so that the snow settles and cohesion again increases. But when temperature and humidity produce wet crystals, the film of water, acting as a lubricant, reduces internal cohesion.
Related terms include downhill skiing and new hampshire skiing.
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