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Weather and Rock - part 5

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Articles In This Section:

· Mountaineering Routes

· Mountain Structure - part 1

· Mountain Structure - part 2

· Mountain Structure - part 3

· Mountain Structure - part 4

· Glaciers - part 1

· Glaciers - part 2

· Weather and Rock - part 1

· Weather and Rock - part 2

· Weather and Rock - part 3

· Weather and Rock - part 4

· Weather and Rock - part 5

· Weather and Rock - part 6

· Weather and Rock - part 7

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A study of static electricity reveals that the cloud charge prefers to discharge to a sharp pointed object rather than to other shapes. This, coupled with the relative closeness of the summit of a mountain to the cloud, is the reason for the danger at the top of the mountain. However, where there are low clouds and a ridge, discharge is likely to occur to points on the ridge rather than to the summit. This can be seen in the figure. Once discharge has occurred, the current flows over the surface of the rock toward the base of the mountain. It flows perpendicular to the lines of equal potential. These lines and their distribution are shown in the figure. The closer the potential lines are together, the greater is the current flow. Near the summit the lines are very close together, while near the base, they are relatively far apart; the ground currents are strong near the top and weak near the base. Also, the lines are close together on vertical walls, while on the horizontal ledge they are far apart. Similarly, it is found that the current flow is greater on the face of a mountain than on its ridges.

Idealized thin-plate two-dimensional mountain.

The two types of danger from lightning consist in a direct strike and in a subsidiary danger from the ground currents. Anywhere but on the summit or very near to it the chance of being the victim of a direct bolt is small and the probability of being killed is almost certain. In contrast, the chance of meeting ground currents is almost certain, while with a few precautions the probability of being injured by the currents is small.

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