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First Aid - part 3
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Fractures.—Fractures of the extremities must be immobilized with splints. Traction splints are absolutely necessary for thigh fractures and are preferable for lower leg and ankle fractures. The Velpeau bandage (fig. 12) is considered preferable for upper arm and shoulder immobilization and padded board splints for forearm fractures. Such splints may be used for lower leg and arm fractures if it is more convenient to do so. It is better to use a good padded wooden splint than to use a poorly improvised traction splint. In using any splint— especially the traction type—care must be taken not to restrict the blood supply and thus increase the susceptibility of frostbite. When applying a traction splint, leave boot and sock on; loosen the laces and straps. If the socks are wet, however, a change to dry must be made first. The entire body of the patient—including his injured arm or leg—must be kept warm. For other details of splinting, see the Red Cross publications.
In transporting an injured man who is wearing a traction splint, continually check the injured extremity to see that it does not become cold. If it should, traction must be released gently and the extremity warmed until the danger of frostbite is over; the traction may then be reapplied.
If it becomes apparent that the time between injury and admission to a hospital will be more than eight hours, some means of obtaining traction on the leg must be resorted to other than the hitch over the ski boot, for long-continued traction will cause severe damage to the tissues and circulation of the foot. To prevent this, adhesive-tape traction is applied (fig. 13). After the shoe and sock are removed, the leg shaved (if possible), dried, and warmed, a strip of 3-inch tape is started just below the knee on one side and continued down the side of the
leg below the sole of the foot by 3 inches, and in stirrup fashion around the foot and up the other side of the leg to the starting level. The adhesive strip is anchored by a spiral reverse bandage from ankle to knee. A spreader must be put in the stirrup below the sole to prevent constriction of the foot.

Fig. 14. Taping an ankle (see text), (a) Two adhesive stirrups are applied, extending one-third the way up each side of the lower leg. (b) Stirrup-like strips are continued forward down the foot, crossing over ankle and instep, (c) Strips are continued down to the base of the toes on the sole, (d) Layer of strips is applied over the top of the foot, starting at the base of the toes, crossing from side to side, (e) The strips are continued up the foot, ankle, and leg to the top of the first two stirrups.
Related terms include skiing conditions and skiing conditions.
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